Share via Share via... Twitter LinkedIn Facebook Pinterest Telegram WhatsApp Yammer RedditRecent ChangesSend via e-MailPrintPermalink × All video (main page) The Empirical Cycle Stakeholder identification and description in problem analysis Comparing stakeholders in problem analysis Decision making and Research Questions Different types of Research Questions Developing empirical research questions Units and Variables in Empirical Research questions Concepts and facets Intension and Extension of Concepts Intension and Extension of Judicial concepts Conceptualizing ordinal variables Dimensions of concepts Conceptualization using interviews Variables as constructions Causality and Explanation Time order in causal relationships The effect of Third Variables Various types of bivariate relationships Constructing causal models in problem analysis Describing social problems Case studies Research Designs for Testing Bivariate Hypotheses The validity of causal research The Experiment Cross sectional studies Interrupted time series Sampling Units of analysis and units of observation Types of data collection methods Measurement level of Variables Measurement Validity and Reliability Measurement reliability Measurement validity Operationalization and Measurement Indices, scales and typologies Factor analysis and factor loadings Factor analysis with more than one factor Selecting factors in factor analysis Rotating factors in factor analysis Interpreting factor loadings in factor analysis Doing factor analysis Data Collection - Survey Data Collection - Types of survey questions Data Collection - Improving survey questions Data Collection - Further improving survey questions Content analysis Non comparative content analysis Observation Interviews Validity and reliability threats in interviews Scale construction Item writing Pilot testing a scale Assessing scale quality Classical test theory and reliability Cronbach's alpha Test re-test reliability Identifying problematic scale items Latent traits and items Item characteristic curves Dealing with dichotomous outcomes Checking a measurement instrument Guttman models Computerized Adaptive testing (CAT) Interpreting bivariate tables The effect of Third Variables: general The effect of Third Variables: confounding The effect of Third Variables: interpretation The effect of Third Variables: modification The effect of Third Variables: addition Analyzing trivariate tables: general Analyzing trivariate tables: confounding introduction SPSS (Broad format) data matrix Missing values SPSS for absolute beginners A data matrix in SPSS Frequency tables Cross tabs (making a cross tab) Recoding and creating a variable Changing variables in SPSS using recode Merging data files Ethics in research Confirmation bias Central tendency: mode, median and mean IQR and box plot Variance and standard deviation Z-scores